An introduction to the concept of a "cocktail" of catalysts is provided together with a brief description of experimental methods and approaches to study "cocktail"-type catalytic systems. The evolution of catalytically active centers and dynamic phenomena in heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis are summarized. The key role of processes such as leaching, ligand transformations, aggregation and redeposition is highlighted. Two principal pathways to afford "cocktail"-type catalytic systems (bottom-up and top-down) are discussed in view of the participation of metal complexes, clusters and nanoparticles in catalysis.
Reference: Curr. Opin. Green Sustain. Chem., 2021, 100502